1533.

According to Venetian patrician Sanudius, the author of "Diario", Turks have, from Croatian lands, taken 600,000 men and women into slavery to date.

1563.-1631.

Matija Divkovic, Bosnian Franciscan and Croatian writer, the author of numerous books printed in Venice in "bosancica", Croatian cyrillic script.1566.

The battle for Siget/Szeged Croats "...two thousand and three hundreds of them" under the command of Nikola Subic Zrinski, from 1561. the Siget fortress commander, are holding back a vast Ottoman army (more than 90,000 men and 300 cannons) in southern Hungary. After many days of exhausting and bloody struggle, the defenders have receded into the Old City; with the majority of Croats already dead, their last stand. Turks have tried to lure Zrinski into submission, offering him rule over entire Croatia (of course, under their suzerainty). To no avail: "...nobody will point his finger on my children in contempt." In the morning, September the 7th, the all-out attack by Turks began: fireballs, "Greek fire", concentrated cannonade, fusillade. Soon, the last Croat stronghold within Siget was set ablaze. The entire Turkish army was swarming against the Old City, drumming and yelling, "..their flags darkening the skies." Zrinski prepared for the last charge, addressing his brothers in arms: "..Let us go out from this burning place into the open and stand up to our enemies. Who dies- he will be with God. Who dies not-his name will be honoured. I will go first, and what I do, you do. And God is my witness- I will never leave you, my brothers and knights !" In the last decisive battle Zrinski was first wounded, then killed. Only seven defenders managed to get through Turkish surround. The huge Ottoman army, the best Suleyman the Magnificent (who died during the siege) could gather, suffered heavy losses and was ultimately stopped. Historians consider that Turks lost 18,000 cavalrymen and 7,000 elite yanissaries. The yannissary corps was decimated. The battle for Siget was (at least, for the Christian forces) "the end of the beginning."

1569.-1577.

Turkish historian Mustafa aali, a native of Gallipolli, wrote on Bosnia: "...So far as the tribe of Croats, who are ascribed to the Bosnia river, is considered: their character is reflected in joyous nature; they are known in Bosnia and named after flowing waters.."

1593.

Great victory of Croat and Christian armies over Turks in the Sisak battle, July the 22nd. Near the border city of Sisak, 5,000 Croats under the command of Croatian ban Toma Erdody, aided by Slovenian reinforcements from Carinthia and Styria, have broken the Turkish surround of circa 12,000 men and pushed them towards the Kupa river, constantly pounding them with heavy artillery fire. Caught in the middle between two Christian army flanks, Turks panicked and started a chaotic retreat. Having disintegrated under the unending cannonade, the bulk of the army (circa 10,000 men, with all the chief commanders) drowned in the Kupa river. Christian losses numbered between 40-50 men. Although this battle was the ouverture to the so-called "Long war" (1593.-1606.), it marked, along with the Siget (1566.) and the Lepant (1571.) battles, the change of war fortune in the Ottoman-European wars.

ca. 1600.-1685.

Ivan Ancic, a Bosnian Franciscan and theologian. Writer of Latin and Croatian language treatises.

1611.

Fra Matija Divkovic, a Franciscan intellectual, published "Nauk karstianski"/Christian doctrine in Venice. This is the first
printed work of a Bosnian writer in Croatian language; reprinted
thirteen times (not counting abridged versions.)

1624.

According to the Papal visitator Peter Masarecchi's notes, circa
40-50,000 Croat Catholics have converted to Islam in the central Bosnia.

1627.

Bishop Andrijasevic in Trebinje region (eastern Hercegovina) writes on the conversion of Croat Catholics into Serbian Orthodoxy. His data show that out of 12 Catholic churhes in the region, 7 had "passed into Orthodox hands".